NAPT (Network Address Port Translation)
Similar to NAT, it (or PAT or NAT overloading) maps private host IP addresses onto a single public IP address. Each host is tracked by assigning it a random high TCP port for communications.
NAS (Network Attached Storage)
A storage device with an embedded OS that supports typical network file access protocols (TCP/IP and SMB, for instance).
NAT (Network Address Translation)
A network service provided by router or proxy server to map private local addresses to one or more publicly accessible IP addresses. NAT can use static mappings but is most commonly implemented as Network Address Port Translation (NAPT) or NAT overloading, where a few public IP addresses are mapped to multiple LAN hosts using port allocations.
NetBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
NetBIOS that was re-engineered to work over the TCP and UDP protocols.
NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
Develops computer security standards used by US federal agencies and publishes cybersecurity best practice guides and research.
NLA (Network Level Authentication)
An RDP [Remote Desktop] technology requiring users to authenticate before a server session is created.
NVMe (Non-volatile Memory Express)
An interface for connecting flash memory devices, such as SSDs, directly to a PCI Express bus. NVMe allows much higher transfer rates than SATA/AHCI.
NVMHCI (Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface specification)
A logical interface used by PCIe-based SSD drives to communicate with the bus.
OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
Software that can identify the shapes of characters and digits to convert them from printed images to electronic data files that can be modified in a word processing program.
overclocking
Manually setting the CPU and chipset to run at a faster speed than advised by the manufacturer. Some CPUs are better suited to overclocking than others and the system will generally need a better cooling system to cope with the increased thermal output.