Chemistry

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ELEMENT

A substance that cannot be converted or broken down into simpler substances, and is the primary ingredient of matter.

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ATOM

The basic unit of matter, the defining structure of an element.

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PROTON

Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

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ELECTRON

Negatively charged particle found in all atoms, also acts as carrier of electricity in solids.

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NEUTRON

Particle with the same mass as a proton, with no electric charge. Present in the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen.

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ATOMIC NUMBER

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, determining an element's properties.

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ATOMIC MASS

Mass of an atom, measured in atomic mass units. Value is nearly the same as the sum of protons and neutrons.

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PERIOD

A row on the periodic table of elements.

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FAMILY

A column in the periodic table of elements.

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CONDUCTIVITY

The degree to which a material conducts electricity or heat.

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LUSTRE

The way in which the surface of a mineral reflects light.

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COMPOUND

Substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.

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MOLECULE

Particle created when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.

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PHYSICAL CHANGE

The form of matter is changed, but no chemical reaction occurs.

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CHEMICAL CHANGE

A usually irreversible chemical reaction where the atoms in a substance are rearranged, creating a new substance.

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