Flexion:
Extension:
Hyperextension:
Flexion: Away from anatomical position
Extension: Returns back to anatomical position
Hyperextension: is extension of some joints beyond anatomical position.
Adduction:
Abduction:
Adduction: is a movement toward the body.
Abduction: is movement of a part away from the body.
Elavation:
Depression:
Elavation: is a movement that raises a bone vertically.
Depression: Is lowering the bone.
ex: shrugging
ribs: inhale =elevate /exhale = depress
Protaction
Retraction
Protraction: is a movement of a bone anteriorly forward
Retraction: is a movement of a bone posteriorly (backward)
ex. shoulders forward =protaction
shoulders back/ chest out =retraction
Rotation:
Circumduction:
Rotation: Movement apart around an axis. (neck)
ex. neck
toes outs or toes in
Circumduction: moving apart to follow a circular path
ex: arms in circles
Supination
Pronation
Supination: Turning the palm of yhe hand upward
Pronation: Turning the palm of the hand downward
Inversion
Eversion
( only ankle)
Inversion: Turning the foot face in ward
ex pigeon toes
Eversion: Turning the foot to face outward
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion: raising the toes
Plantarflexion: bending the foot downward
ex tip toes
Opposition:
Reposition:
(Saddle joints)
Opposition: finger tips touch
Reposition:movement back to anatomical position