a scientist uses a trap to capture a monkey. In the context of wildlife protection act 1972,
the trap is weapon and capturing is hunting
the trap is not a weapon and capturing is hunting
the trap is weapon and capturing is not hunting
the trap is not a weapon and capturing is not hunting
the trap is weapon and capturing is hunting
in the formula I= PXAXT, P refers to
professional pressure
pollution pressure
population pressure
none of the above
population pressure
which of these is a deterministic factor?
environmental variation
forest fire
death rate
diseases
death rate
which of these is a stochastic factor?
birth rate
death rate
population structure
forest fire
forest fire
in the formula I = PXAXT, T refers to
transference
time
technology
none of the above
technology
which of these form fire triangle?
fire, air, heat
fire, oxygen, wood
fuel, air, wood
fuel, oxygen, heat
fuel, oxygen, heat
a veterinarian uses an immobilising gun to capture a deer. In the context of wildlife protection act 1972,
the immobilising gun is a weapon and capturing is hunting
the immobilising gun is not a weapon and capturing is hunting
the immobilising gun is a weapon and capturing is not hunting
the immobilising gun is not a weapon and capturing is not hunting
the immobilising gun is a weapon and capturing is hunting
invasive climbers increase the probability of which of these fire types?
ground fire
surface fire
ladder fire
firestorm
ladder fire
the acronym HIPPO does not include
habitat loss
habitat enhancement
over- harvesting
human over- population
habitat enhancement
the acronym HIPPO does not include
habitat loss
invasive species
pollination
pollution
pollination
a site was clear- cut. which of these methods of regeneration cannot be used in a short time- frame?
natural regeneration
artificial regeneration by direct sowing
artificial regeneration by planting seedlings
artificial regeneration by transplanting trees
natural regeneration
average age at which a tree is considered mature for felling is called as
crop age
felling age
rotation age
maturity age
rotation age
which of these is not a feature of natural regenration
low cost
less requirement of heavy machinery and labour
preservation of genetic variability
good quality over genetic improvement
good quality over genetic improvement
ring weeding is primary a feature of
natural generation
assisted natural regeneration
artificial regeneration by direct sowing
artificial regeneration by planting seedlings
assisted natural regeneration
the movement of seeds away from their place of seed production into a new area is called
translocation
migration
dispersal
drifiting
dispersal
which of these is not a feature of natural regeneration
seed consumption by insects and seed feeders
little control over spacing and stand density
long time needed to regenerate forest
high requirement of heavy machinery and labour
high requirement of heavy machinery and labour
which of these is the correct sequence of a silviculture system?
stand tending --> regeneration --> harvesting
harvesting --> stand tending --> regeneration
harvesting --> regeneration --> stand tending
regeneration --> harvesting --> stand tending
harvesting --> regeneration --> stand tending
which of these is not advantage of clear felling system
simple system, easy and efficient
allows for establishment of a more uniform crop
increases soil erosion and landslides in hilly areas
mimics natural processes of fire and large scale insect attacks
increases soil erosion and landslides in hilly areas
tending is done during
early stage of life
middle stage of life
late stage of life
any stage of life
any stage of life
taungya regeneration is
natural regeneration
artificial regeneration with villagers
artificial regeneration with nomadic tribes
artificial regeneration with hunters and gatherers
artificial regeneration with villagers
trees not putting increment are removed during
preparatory felling
seeding felling
secondary felling
final felling
preparatory felling
for a crop with rotation age 120 years. PB-III would have crop age
0-30 years
30-60 years
60-90 years
90-120 years
30-60 years
close to nature forestry is a feature of
clear felling system
selection system
uniform shelterwood system
group shelterwood system
selection system
shelterwood system results in
even aged stand with natural aesthetics
even aged stand with artificial aesthetics
uneven aged stand with natural aesthetics
uneven aged stand with artificial aesthetics
even aged stand with natural aesthetics
inverse - J number diameter curves are seen in
clear felling system
selection system
uniform shelterwood system
group shelterwood system
selection system
clear felling system is not used for
light demanding species
shade bearer species
plain areas
plateau areas
shade bearer species
which of these is the correct sequence for shelterwood system
preparatory felling --> secondary felling --> seedling feeling --> final felling
preparatory felling --> seedling felling --> secondary felling --> final felling
preparatory felling --> secondary felling --> seedling felling --> final felling
preparatory felling --> seeding felling --> secondary felling --> final felling
preparatory felling --> seedling felling --> secondary felling --> final felling
felling made with the object of opening the canopy to remove shelter and allow more light for the regenerated crop is
preparatory felling
seedling felling
secondary felling
final felling
secondary felling
in group shelterwood system, the regeneration areas is increased
centrifugally around gaps
centripetally around gaps
parallel to gaps
perpendicular to gaps
centrifugally around gaps
catchment areas are best suited for
clear felling system
selection system
uniform shelterwood system
group shelterwood system
selection system
moving logs from forest to landing area is known as
marking
bucking
skidding
delimbing
skidding
research plots are shown in _____ marking colour
yellow
blue
red
white
white
which of these gives the greatest accuracy in constructing face cuts
conventional face
humboldt face
open face
all of these
conventional face
careful selection of trees for harvesting based on a forest management prescription is known as
surveying
cruising
marking
logging
marking
surveying timberlands to locate and estimate the volumes and grades of standing timber meeting requirements is known as
surveying
cruising
marking
logging
cruising
trees on boundary are shown in ____ marking colour
yellow
blue
red
white
red
cutting of timber into logs is known as
marking
bucking
skidding
delimbing
bucking
which of these gives the greatest saving of lumber
conventional face
humboldt face
open face
all of these
humboldt face
trees to be retained are shown in ______ marking colour
yellow
blue
red
white
blue
1 point
net growth in initial volume is given by
V2 - V1
V2 - V1 + H + I
V2 - V1 + H + 1 + M
V2 - V1 + H - 1 - M
V2 - V1 + H + I
shell cracking of seeds is used for which species
amla
mango
ber
teak
ber
wet and dry treatment of seeds is used for which species
amla
mango
ber
teak
teak
agave is used for
barbed wire fencing
live fencing
chain link fencing
stone wall fencing
live fencing
which of these is not a laboratory method to determine best days for seed collection?
maximum dry weight
colour of fruits
moisture contents of fruits
chemical analysis of fat and nitrogen content
colour of fruits
which of these characterises a refractory site
soil depth < 10cm
soil depth 10-30cm
soil depth > 30cm
none of these
soil depth < 10cm
which of these is a good storage condition
high moisture, high temperature
high moisture, low temperature
low moisture, high temperature
low moisture, low temperature
low moisture, low temperature
which of these prevent water logging
sunken bed
raised bed
flat bed
all of these
raised bed
choice of spacing is dependent upon
objective of plantation
site- species matching
growth rate
all of these
all of these
which of these conserves moisture
sunken bed
raised bed
flat bed
all of these
sunken bed
number of seeds in sample that germinate upto the peak germination period expressed as % is a definition of
germination number
germination percentage
germination energy
germination power
germination energy
he tiger has a home range of several square kilometres, regulates the ecosystem through controlling herbivore populations and trophic cascades, and people come to tiger reserves to watch tigers. thus, the tiger can be called as
umbrella species
keystone species
flagship species
all of the above
all of the above
zoo is an example of
in- situ conservation
ex- situ conservation
in- situ preservation
ex- situ preservation
ex- situ conservation
sustainable harvest of resources falls under the category of
conservation
preservation
environmentalism
none of the above
conservation
we prefer those areas for the creation of a conservation reserve where the level of threat is
very high
medium
very low
non- existent
medium
captive breeding is an example of
in- situ conservation
ex- situ conservation
in- situ preservation
ex- situ preservation
ex- situ conservation
which of these is not a forest classification as per the 1894 forest policy
protection forest
production forest
minor forest
major forest
major forest
in 1931, Van panchayats were constituted in areas that are now in
Tamil Nadu
Madhya Pradesh
West Bengal
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
planting along canal banks is a part of
farm forestry
community forestry
extension forestry
agroforestry
extension forestry
the fig tree bears fruits in time when animals do not have much access to food. in this context, it would be a good example of
least concern species
keystone species
flagship species
extinct species
keystone species
the elephant has a home range of several square kilometres, regulates the ecosystem by its habit of destruction feeding and people can relate to this animal which is important for conservation. given this background, the elephant can be called as
umbrella species
keystone species
flagship species
all of the above
all of the above
a tree has dbh of 35cm. find the basal area is sq m
.049
.096
.149
.195
.096
in a triangle, the angle between base and hypotenuse theta = 60 degree and hypotenuse c = 4cm. find the length of the base b
0.66
1
1.5
2
2
"allowing some places and some creatures to exist without significant human interference" is a definition of
conservation
preservation
environmentalism
all of these
preservation
in India the breast height is considered to be
1.37m
1.47m
1.57m
2.47m
1.37m
the term laterite soil is derived from Latin later which means
red
brick
fertile
infertile
brick
which of these is not a non- use value?
direct value
existence value
altruistic value
bequest value
direct value
"science of a relationship between organisms and their environments" is the definition of
conservation
preservation
environmentalism
ecology
ecology
self ploughing character is seen in
black cotton soil
alluvial soil
saline soil
red and yellow soil
black cotton soil
mechanical action of ocean waves is an example of
chemical weathering
physical weathering
biological weathering
none of the above
physical weathering
lithosere is an example of
hydrosere
xerosere
psammosere
halosere
xerosere
tropical moist forests do not include
broadleaved forests
wet evergreen forests
semi-evergreen forests
moist deciduous forests
broadleaved forests
which of these is not a use value?
direct value
indirect value
option value
existence value
existence value
e value derived from the knowledge of use of resources by others in the current generation is called
altruistic value
bequest value
existence value
option value
altruistic value
montane sub-tropical forests do not involve
broadleaved forests
pine forests
semi-evergreen forests
dry evergreen forests
semi-evergreen forests
"pant community, predominantly comprised of trees and other woody vegetation, usually with a closed canopy" is
silviculture definition of forests
FAO definition of forests
legal definition of forests
ecological definition of forests
ecological definition of forests
which of these is not a consumptive value?
timber
firewood
non-timber forest products
education
education
the term 'forest' originates from
latin foris meaning outside
greek foris meaning outside
latin foris meaning trees
greek foris meaning trees
latin foris meaning trees
he value of leaving use and non-use values for offspring's or future generation is called
altruistic value
bequest value
existence value
option value
bequest value
which of these is not a forest type found in India?
mediterranean dry
tropical dry
montane temperate
alpine
mediterranean dry
according to the supreme court, the term forest land includes
some area recorded as forest in the government record according to ownership
any area recorded as forest in the government record according to ownership
some area recorded as forest in the government record irrespective of ownership
any area recorded as forest in the government record irrespective of ownership
any area recorded as forest in the government record irrespective of ownership
in the context of plant nutrition, boron is
macronutrient
micronutrient
primary nutrient
secondary nutrient
micronutrient
the art and science of cultivating forest crops is called
foresticulture
monoculture
silviculture
silvics
silviculture
the climax near tindi village is being controlled by disturbance by cattle. this is an example of
climatic climax
edaphic climax
disclimax
catastrophic climax
disclimax
which of these is not a characteristic of pioneer species
ability to grow on care rocks
ability to tolerate extreme temperatures
large size
short life span
large size
which of these depicts correctly the lithosere primary succession?
rock --> crustose lichen --> foliose lichen --> moss --> herbaceous stage --> shrub --> woodland --> climax
rock --> foliose lichen --> crustose lichen --> moss --> herbaceous stage --> shrub --> woodland --> climax
moss --> crustose lichen --> foliose lichen --> rock --> herbaceous stage --> shrub --> woodland --> climax
rock --> crustose lichen --> foliose lichen --> moss --> herbaceous stage --> shrub --> woodland --> climax
the study of life history/ general features of forest crops with respect to environmental factors is called
foresticulture
monoculture
silviculture
silvics
silvics
net primary productivity is given by
APAR + LUE
APAR X LUE
APAR - LUE
APAR / LUE
APAR X LUE
a climax caused by wildfires is an example of
climatic climax
edaphic climax
disclimax
catastrophic climax
catastrophic climax
practical application of scientific, technical and economic principles of forestry comes under which branch of forestry?
forest management
forest economics
forest mensuration
forest protection
forest management
which of these is abiotic factor
vines
trees
reptiles
water
water
regur is a term for
black cotton soil
alluvial soil
saline soil
red and yellow soil
black cotton soil
carbonation is an example of
chemical weathering
physical weathering
biological weathering
none of these
chemical weathering
banger is a type of
black cotton soil
alluvial soil
saline soil
red and yellow soil
alluvial soil
cryofacturing is an example of
chemical weathering
physical weathering
biological weathering
none of these
physical weathering
in soil profile, C refers to
organic surface layer
topsoil layer
subsoil layer
substratum layer
substratum layer
vertical arrangement of soil horizon is called
soil texture
soil structure
soil profile
soil science
soil profile
thermal stresses lead to
chemical weathering
physical weathering
biological weathering
none of these
physical weathering
khadar is a type of
black cotton soil
alluvial soil
saline soil
red and yellow soil
alluvial soil
hydrolysis is an example of
chemical weathering
physical weathering
biological weathering
none of these
chemical weathering
which of these has the highest organic matter content
peaty soil
alluvial soil
saline soil
red and yellow soil
peaty soil
measurement of height based on similar triangles comes under
similar measurement
dissimilar measurement
direct measurement
indirect measurement
indirect measurement
for normal form factor, the reference of the base of the cylinder is
base of the tree
breast height
10% of tree height
20% of tree height
10% of tree height
in a triangle, the angle between base and hypotenuse, theta= 60 degree and the hypotenuse c = 2cm. find the length of the base b
0.33
0.5
0.75
1
1
3 trees are located is a sample plot of 15m X 15m. their dbh are as under:
dbh= 25cm, 30cm, 35cm
find the stand basal area in sq m per Ha
9.6
14.6
21.6
27.6
9.6
consider a stand of eucalyptus, trees that are on average 30cm in diameter and spaced on a regular 3m grid. find the spacing factor
5
10
15
10
for a tree with dbh= 45.6cm, height= 27m and total stem volume of 1.78cum, the artificial form factor of the tree is:
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
for the absolute form factor, the reference for the base of the cylinder is
base of the tree
breast height
10% of the height
20% of the height
base of the tree
diameter over bark (dob), diameter under bark (dub) and the bark thickness (tb) are related as
dob = dub + tb
dob = dub - tb
dob = dub + 2 X tb
dob = dub -2 X tb
dob = dub + 2 X tb
choose the correct statement
for a non-circular section, girth tape over- estimates the sectional area
for a non-circular section, girth tape under- estimates the sectional area
for a non-circular section, girth tape correctly- estimates the sectional area
none of these is a correct statement
for a non-circular section, girth tape over- estimates the sectional area
a tree has dbh of 25cm. find the basal area in sq m
.049
.096
.149
.195
.049
the frequency of flyovers is an indicator of
spatial resolution
temporal resolution
spectral resolution
radiometric resolution
temporal resolution
____ is how close the measured values are to correct value
accuracy
precision
bias
variance
accuracy
"this sampling employs a simple rule of selecting every k unit starting with a number chosen at random from 1 to k as the random start." we are talking about
simple random sampling
systemic sampling
stratified sampling
multistage sampling
systemic sampling
a list of sampling units is called a
frame
window
sample
population
frame
which of these is correct?
plane surveying takes into account the true shape of the earth and is used for smaller areas (<250 sq km)
plane surveying takes into account the true shape of the earth and is used for larger areas (>250 sq km)
geodetic surveying takes into account the true shape of the earth and is used for smaller areas (<250 sq km)
geodetic surveying takes into account the true shape of the earth and is used for larger areas (>250 sq km)
geodetic surveying takes into account the true shape of the earth and is used for larger areas (>250 sq km)
a sampling procedure such that each possible combination of sampling units out of the population has the same chance of being selected is referred to as
simple random sampling
systematic sampling
stratified sampling
multistage sampling
simple random sampling
bathymetric LiDAR uses
far infrared light
near infrared light
orange light
green light
green light
IMU stands for
imperial meterin unit
inertial metering unit
imperial measurement unit
inertial measurement unit
inertial measurement unit
____ is how close the measured values are to each other
accuracy
precision
bias
variance
precision
the time of flight of LiDAR is 0.00001 sec. find the distance of the object from the instrument
500m
1000m
1500m
2000m
1500m