Comma splice
Two independent clauses incorrectly joined by only a comma that is missing its coordinating conjunction. Example: Baker loves Grammar Boot Camp, we are not too excited about it.
Run on
Two independent clauses joined by only a coordinating conjunction that is missing its comma. Example, Baker wants to protect the learning environment so everyone needs to help.
Fused
Two independent clauses that are smashed together without a comma AND a coordinating conjunction. Example, Growth Mindset is crucial to learning concepts need to be refined to grow.
Introductory information missing a comma
When a sentence begins with a dependent clause or a prepositional phrase, we almost always need a comma. The previous sentence is an example of a dependent clause needing a comma.
A dependent clause
Has a subject/verb relationship but does NOT express a complete thought by itself. Example, When Grammar Boot Camp is finished.
Independent clause
Has a subject/verb relationship and does express a complete thought. Example: I hope Baker forgets about the 14 quizzes.
Prepositional phrase
shows the relationship between the object of the preposition and some other word in a sentence. Often shows time, place, what relationships. Example, In the early morning mist, the deer slowly advanced from behind the trees. (In the early morning mist. Behind the trees)
Simple sentence
contains only one independent clause and no dependent clauses. Example: Baker loves teaching English.
Compound sentence
contains two or more independent clauses but no dependent clauses. Example: We love Town-Hall days, but Grammar Boot Camp is terrible!
Complex sentence
contains only one independent clause but also contains one or more dependent clauses. Example: After Kenny robbed the gas station, he went to federal prison for five years.
Compound/Complex sentence
contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. Example: Baker likes to laugh, but he doesn't like for anyone to disrespect the learning environment because he knows that some students want to learn.
Three kinds of conjunctions
Subordinating: When, Since, After, Because, Although, While, As, As if
Coordinating: FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
Adverbial: However, Therefore, Nonetheless, That is, Indeed